Engine.



3 SHETS-SHEET l.

J. L. HART.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY T 1915.

Patented Apr. 17, 1917.

1&229630 J. L. HART.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED :uLY 1. 1915.

lzh Patented Apr. 111917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Immun L 1 wm Mm y@ I. L. HART.

ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED IULY '1. ISIS* Lm., Patented Apr. 1-7, 1917.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

@Y l W ATTORNEYS JOSEPHALUTHER HART, OF CHICKASHA, OKLAHOMA..

ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr, 1?, 119i?,

Application tiled July 7, 1915. Serial No. 38,602.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that l, JOSEPH L. HART, a citizen ot the United States, and a resident of Chickasha, in the county of Grady and State of Oklahoma, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention is an improvement in engines, and has for its object to provide a simple, compact and durable engine oi the fluid pressure operated type, wherein stufling boxes, eccentric rods and the like are dispensed with, the supply of fluid to the engine and the exhaust being controlled by thepressure in the cylinder.

ln the drawings:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal vertical section;

Fig. 2 is an end view;

Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the piston rod;

Fig. 4 is a top plan view of the slide valve;

Fig. 5 is an end view of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a side view of the valve stem;

Fig. 7 is a side view of a modiiied forni; and

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same.

in the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1 to 6, the cylinder 1 is provided with a base 2, and heads 3 and 3 are secured to the ends of the cylinder, by means of bolts and nuts 4. The bolts are passed through marginal flanges 5 atthe respective ends of the cylinder, and the bolts are engaged by the nuts on the inner side of the flanges 5.

It will be noted from an inspection of Fig..

1 that the heads are rabbeted on their inner faces and at their edges, as indicated at 7, to receive the packing rings.

Each of the heads 3 and 3 is provided with a cylindrical chamber or extension 8 and 8a, respectively, the said chambers being coaxial with the heads and with the cylinder, and extending outwardly from the centers of the heads. IThe cylinder has a diaphragm 9 at its center, and of considerable thickness, as shown, and this diaphragm is provided with a central opening 10, having at each end a marginal rib 11.

rlhe piston rod 12 is mounted to move in the opening of the diaphragm, and the said rod, as shown more particularly in Fig. 3, has a pair of parallel continuous peripheral ribs 13 at its center, the ribs being spaced apart from each other as shown, longitudinally of the rod.

lThe diaphragm 9 of the cylinder provides for a chamber at each side ot the diaphragm, and it will be noted roman inspection of Fig. 1, that this diaphragm is nearer the head 3 than the head 3a, so that the chamber between the diaphragm and the head 3a is of greater capacity than the chamber between the diaphragm and the head 3. Pistons 14 and 142L aresecured to the rod in their respective chambers, the piston 14 being adj acent to the head 3, while the piston 14a is adjacent to the head 3a. Y

The rod 12 is reduced and externally threaded at each end as indicated at 15, for receiving the heads 14 and 14, the said heads having central internally threaded openings which are engaged with its portions 15. Beyond cach portion 15 the rod is provided with a second reduced externally threaded portion 16 for receiving'a holding nut 17, to loclr the adjacent piston in place. Beyond the threaded portion 16 the rod is provided at each end with a cylindrical extension 1S, and heads 19 and 19a are connected with the extensions, the heads 19 and 19a fitting within the chambers 8 and 8 of the heads 3 and 3a.

The outer end of each of the extensions 18 is reduced and externally threaded as at 26, and the heads 19 and 19a have internally threaded central openings which are tted onto the heads. The heads are locked in place by set screws 21, each of which is engaged with an axial opening in the end of the adjacent extension 18.

The cylinder is provided with a valve chamber 22 of cylindrical form above the same, and at approximately the center of the cylinder, and the ends of the chamber are internally threaded and engaged by threaded plugs or heads 23. A slide valve 2 4 is mounted for longitudinal sliding movement in the chamber 22, and the said valve has on its upper side a pair or" parallel longitudinally extending ribs 25, for engagement by the valve stem 26 shown in Fig. 6. This stem is annularly reduced at its center, as indica-ted at 27, and the reduced portion iits between ythe ribs 25.

Annular shoulders formed at each end ot the reduced portion engage the ends of the ribs, to prevent movement longitudinally oi2 the stem on the part of the valve. Each end ot' the stem is reduced and threaded, as

shown at 28, and these threaded portions engage internally threaded central openings 1n piston heads 29 and 29a, the said heads being arranged at the ends of the rod. The heads t the valve chamber 22, and the said heads, the pistons 14 and 14E, and the heads 19 and 19a are 'provided with the usual packingD rings.

orts and 30n are provided for placing the chambers of the cylinder 1 in communication with the valve chamber. These ports are in the diaphragm 9, each port inclining upwardly toward the valve chamber as shown, and the top of the cylinder is flattened at the ports, as shown at 31, to provide a bed upon which the slide valve may move.

It will be noticed from an inspection of Fig. 1, that the under face ot the valve is recessed as shown at 32, and the valve chamber has an exhaust 33 at the bed 31, and between the ports 30 and 30, The recessed portion of the valve E24 is ot sufficient length to connect either port 30 or 30L with the port 33, as clearly shown in Fig. 1.

Pipes 34. and 34ka are provided for connecting the opposite ends of the cylinder, or the chambers of the cylinder with the opposite ends of the valve chamber 2Q. The pipe 34 leads Jfrom the cylinder at a point adjacent to the head 37 the said pipe extending upwardly from the cylinder and then longitudinally et the cylinder, and then downwardly and inwardly and engaging an axial opening in the head 23, adjacent to the head 3a. The pipe 4 opens from the cylinder adjacent to the head 3a, and extends toward the opposite end of the valve chamber, being connected to a central opening in the head 23 adjacent to the head 3 oit the cylinder.

It will be noted from an inspection of Fig. 1, that each of the pipes 34 and 341 opens into the cylinder 1 at a point spaced apart far enough from the adjacent head 3 or 3a, as the case may be, to prevent closing of the inlet end of the said pipe when the piston 14 or 111a is at the end of its travel in that direction.

The chambers 8 and 8 are water cylinders, and each of these chambers has a port at its outer end, which is connected to a tu-l bular frame, by means of a nipple 35. The tubular frame is formed of pipes, consisting of longitudinally extending pipes 36 and 36*l arranged above and below the cylinder, respectively, and vertical pipes 37 and 37a, arranged at the opposite ends of the engine, and connecting the pipes 36 and 36a.

An exhaust pipe 3S is connected with'the pipe 36 intermediate the ends thereof, and check valves 39 are interposed in the length of the pipe 36 cn opposite sidesA of the pipe 33. A supply or inlet pipe 4.0 is connected with the pipe 36, intermediate the ends' thereof.

a A' drainage exhaust pipe 4l is arranged below the cylinder, one end of the said pipe being threaded into an opening in the head 3 below the chamber 8, and a branch L19. leads from the said pipe l1 to a port in the head 3a. rlhis pipe 41 is bent upward and then inward at its inner end to engage the port of the head 3, and the branch 12 extends upward and then inward into engagement with the head of the port 3a.

A steam supply pipe e3 leads from a suitable source of steam supply to the valve chest 22, opening at the center thereof, and between the ports 30 and 30a. The pipe 40 is connected with a suitable sourceof water supply and it will be evident that when the double piston let-lilaL is reciprocated in the cylinder the heads 19, which are in fact plungers, will alternately draw water into the chambers 8 and' discharge it therefrom. The discharged water passes by way of the pipes 23T-37a, 36 and 33 to the place of discharge, and the check valves 39 prevent the return of the water from the pipe 38.

ln operation, with the parts in the position of Fig. 1, the steam entering the valve chamber through the supply pipe 43 will pass by way of the port 30 to the chamber between the diaphragm and the head 3, and the piston constituted by the rod 12 and the heads leland 14a will be moved toward the head 3. chamber between the head 14a and the diaphragm will be connected with the exhaust 33 by the slide valve Q4. This, valve is at this time in position te connect the port 3()a with the exhaust 33. At the same time the steam passes by way of the port 30, and the pipe 3-/1- to that end of the valve adjacent to the head 29a.

The opposite end of the valve chest, that is, the end adjacent to the head 9.9, is con-Y nected to that end of the cylinder adjacent te the head 3fl by the pipe 34a. rlhe steam entering the valve chest through the pipe 34E will move the valve toward the Opposite end of the valve chest, thus connecting the port 30 with the exhaust and the port 30a with the source of steam supply. As the piston l-lt-Ll reaches the end of its movement to the right of Fig. 1, the steam from the port 30a will enter Vthe pipe 34aY and will pass to that end of the valve chest ad'- jacent to the head29 and driveV the valve to the right of Fig. 1. The exhaust steam between the head 29L andthe adjacent end oiv llVith the parts in the position of Fig. 1,V

the exhaust steam between the head 29 and the adjacent end of thevalve chest will pass Meanwhile, that portion of theY through the pipe 34? to that portion of the cylinder between the piston 14a and thehead 3, and thence the steam may pass by way of the drain pipe 4t2 tothe atmosphere. Y

Because of the cooperating pressures, the

valve Q6-29-29 will be moved toward the head 3 of the cylinder 1, placing the port 30 in communication with the steam supply pipe 43. rlhus the piston 12-14--14a will be reciproca-ted in the cylinder 1 and every time the piston moves in one direction, the valve Q6-29*Q9 will be moved in the opposite direction. For every movement of the piston the plungers 19 and 19a will operate, one plunger forcing the water out of the adjacent chamber, while the other draws the water in. it, is obvious that any fluid under pressure, as for instance, compressed air, might be used to operate the improved engine.

,ln the embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 7 and S, the cylinder li is supported by a suitable base Ll5, and the crank shaft 4G is supported at the opposite end of the base from the cylinder. The crank shaft has the usual ily wheel 47, and a disk a8 is secured to the shaft, the disk having a wrist pin lill. One end of a link 50 is journaled on the wrist pin, and the other end is connected with a cross head 51, which is mounted to move in cross head guides 52 extending longitudinally from the cylinder eli.

That end' o't the c-ylinder adjacent to the rank shaft is open, and the other end is closed by head 53 which is secured to a marginal liange on the adjacent end of the cylinder by means of bolts and nuts 55, and a Agasket or packing ring 56 is arranged between the head and the plunger. 'l'.he cylinder is provided with a diaphragm 57 at 'approximately its center, the diaphragm and the piston G2 corresponds to the having a central opening 58, which vided at each end with a marginal rlhe piston rod 60 has the annular corresponding with the ribs 13 of is prorib 59. ribs 61 l, pistons 14 and 14a of Fig. l and are connected with the ends oi' the rod in the same manner as the heads lll and 14, being held in place by lock nuts rlihe rod 60 is provided at the ends adjacent to the crank shaft with a cylindrical extension Gl, and to this extension is connected a head 65, the head being held in place by a nut 66, and the head is rigid with the cross head.

The diaphragm 57 has inclined ports 67 and 67a corresponding to the port-s 30 and 30a ot Fig. 1, and these portsopen into a valve chamber 68, upon opposite sides of a central exhaust port 70 for the chamber. The ends ot the chamber are closed by heads 7l having threaded engagement with the ends of the chamber, and a slide valve 72 similar to the valve 24 ci Fig. 1 is mounted to slide in the chamber, on a bed 7 3. This valve is connected to a valve stem 74 similar to the stem 2G, and heads 75 are connected with the opposite ends of vthe stem.

Pipes 76 and 76a connect the respective ends of the cylinder l5 with the opposite ends of the valve chamber 68, the pipes 7G and 76a corresponding in arrangement to the arrangement of the pipes 3a and B-l, Steam is supplied to the valve chamber by a` steam supply pipe 77, and a drainage pipe 78 is provided, this pipe having branches 79 which connect with the cylinder at the bottom thereof, and on opposite sides oi? the diaphragm.

An exhaust pipe S0 is connected with the exhaust port 70, and pins 81 and 81 are mounted to slide in the respective heads 7i of the Avalve chamber. A centrifugal governor S2 et the ball type is mounted on the supply pipe for the valve chest, and this governor is connected to a moving part oi the engine in orderI that the governor may be operated when the engine is ruiming.

rlhe operation of the embodiment just described is as follows:

liVith the parts in the position shown in Fig. 8, the steam from the supply pipe 77 will pass into that portion of the cylinder between the diaphragm 57 and the crank shaft, moving the piston constituted by the rod 60 and the heads G2 toward the crank shaft. As the piston reaches the end ot' its stroke toward the crank shal't, the steam in that end of the cylinder adjacent to the crank shaft may pass by way oil: the pipe 7G to the valve chest at the end adjacent to the pin 81, and the valve will be driven toward the crank shaft.` rlfhat end of the valve chest adjacent to the crank shaft is meanwhile in communication with the atmosphere by way of the pipe 75, that end of the cylinder adjacent to the head 53, and the drain pipe 79.

lVhenever the valve 72 is shifted to connect one port 67 or 67a with the exhaust, the other port is connected with the supply for the motive fluid. The governor S2 controls the supply ot steam to the cylinder, and the engine may be reversed by means of the pins S1 and 81, By cutting oil' the steam, when the engine is stopped, the valve may be moved in either direction by means of the pins 81 and 81a.

l/Vith the parts in the position shown in Fig. 8, and the steam cut oil, the valve may be moved toward the pin 81 by pressing inward on the pin 81a. 1t will be noted that these pins have heads at their inner ends which are received in recesses or counterbores in the adjacent heads. Each compartment of the cylinder is also provided with a drainage valve indicated at 42a.

1n either embodiment the steam is the motive power that moves the valve, and the engine is self-contained and automatic in its operation. As each end ot the valve chest in Fig. 1 is connected with the source of steam supply, and this takes place at the end of the movement of the piston in each direction, the opposite end will be connected with the atmosphere by Way of the drain pipe 41 or 42. Drain valves 42 are provided tor draining the cylinder.

I claim:

l. An engine comprising a cylinder having a transverse diaphragm provided with an axial opening, and dividing the interior of the cylinder into compartments, and having a valve chest at the diaphragm, and ports leading from the several compartments of the cylinder to the chest, the chest having an inlet port and an exhaust port between the iirst named ports, `a piston in the cylinder comprising a rod passing through the opening in the diaphragm, and heads at the ends of the rod litting the respective compartments, a valve in the valve chest, said valve being slidable in the chest in opposite directions -to alternately connect the ports of the compartments with the inlet and exhaust, means for transmitting the pressure from each compartment to the opposite end of the valve chest to move the valve, and a pump connected with each end of the piston and operated thereby.

2. An engine comprising a cylinder having a transverse diaphragm provided with an axial opening, and dividing the interior of the cylinder into compartments, and having a. valve chest at the diaphragm, and ports leading from the several compartmentsof the cylinder to the chest, the chest having an inlet port and an exhaust port between the first named ports, a iiston in the cylinder comprising a rod passing through Athe opening in the diaphragm, and heads at the ends of the rod fitting the respective compartments, a valve in the valve chest, said valve being slidable in the chest in opposite directions to alternately connect the ports of the compartments with the inlet and exhaust, and means for transmitting the pressure from each compartment to the opposite end of the valve chest to move th valve. v

3. In an engine, a cylinder having a diaphragm provided With an opening, and dividing the cylinder into compartments, a valve chest at the diaphragm having an inlet and an exhaust port, the compartments having ports leading to the chest, a piston in the cylinder, and comprising a rod passing through the opening ot' the diaphragm, and provided with heads fitting the compartments, a valve slidable in the chest, and adapted to alternately connect the ports of the compartments with the inlet and exhaust, and means for transmitting the pressure from each compartment to the opposite ends of the valve chest to move the valve.

t. An engine comprising a cylinder having a diaphragm dividing thecylind'er into compartments, a piston comprising a head in each compartment 'and rigidly connected With each other, the cylinder having a valve chest, and ports leading from the chest to the compartments at the diaphragm, said chest having an inlet and an exhaust port, a valve slidable in the chest for alternately connecting the ports of the compartments to the inlet and exhaust, and means 'for transmitting pressure from each compartment to the opposite ends of the valve chest to move the valve.

JOSEPH LUTHER HART. l/Vitnesses: j

EULA McGnsNoHAN, F. C. WRIGHT.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, ttashingtoa D. C. 

